First aid for injuries

The first step in treating wounds is to clean them, preferably under clean, running water. Then apply a sterile dressing to protect the wound from dirt and infection.
The dressing should be changed regularly and the wound monitored for signs of infection (redness, swelling, pain, pus).

Stopping bleeding:

• Apply a pressure bandage using a bandage, sterile dressing, or clean cloth.
• If bleeding from the limb does not stop and direct pressure is ineffective, apply a tourniquet above the wound—on the arm or thigh—and note the time it was applied.
• If you cannot apply a dressing or tourniquet, apply direct pressure to the wound with your hand or a cloth until the bleeding stops or emergency services arrive.
• If the victim is pale and sweaty, and there is no suspicion of injury to the limbs, pelvis, or spine, raise their legs about 30 cm.
• Cover the victim to prevent hypothermia.
• Monitor the victim's condition until emergency services arrive.
  
  

What to do if someone has a nosebleed:

• Sit the victim in a chair and tilt their head forward.
• Apply a cold compress to the neck and bridge of the nose – this helps to constrict the blood vessels.
• Do not tilt the victim's head back. If the bleeding does not stop, call an ambulance.